While David Brainerd has long held a prominent place in the annals of American religious history, his younger brother John Brainerd is often overshadowed. Yet John Brainerd's life is a fascinating tale of dedication, resilience, and faith in the face of adversity. Although not much is known in the way of John Brainerd's experiences as a chaplain in the Revolutionary War, he played a crucial role in supporting the morale and spiritual well-being of the soldiers and Native Americans under his care.

America’s Revolutionary War was a nearly 30-year period of political upheaval and martial conflict, which means that nearly twenty years of John’s ministry was done in the midst of war. (see Mack Tomlinson, The Indomitable Brainerds: The Gospel Legacy of David and John Brainerd’s Mission to the Indians, 126). Brainerd’s example of self-sacrifice as a minister of the Gospel in time of conflict is an inspiration for Christians living in war or peace.

Early Life and Ministry

John Brainerd was born on February 28, 1720, in Haddam, Connecticut, to Hezekiah and Dorothy (Mason) Brainerd. He was the youngest of six brothers, including David, who would later become a famed missionary to the Native Americans. Following in his brother's footsteps, John attended Yale College, graduating in 1746. He was ordained as a minister in the Presbyterian Church in 1747 and began his ministry in the town of East Hampton, Long Island.

John's life took an unexpected turn in 1749 when he was asked to replace his brother David, who had passed away from tuberculosis, as a missionary to the Delaware Indians in New Jersey. John accepted the call and served as a missionary for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts for nearly twenty years, continuing David's work of preaching, teaching, and translating Christian texts into the Delaware language.

The Revolutionary War and the Role of the Chaplain

As tensions between the American colonies and Britain escalated in the 1760s and 1770s, John Brainerd, like many other ministers of his time, found himself drawn into the political fray even as he continued to serve the Native Americans. He became an ardent supporter of the Patriot cause and was vocal in his opposition to British tyranny, a position taken by many Presbyterian and Baptist clergymen. Many of the Christian Native Americans he served fought against the British, and and John himself decided to serve his fledgling country as a chaplain:

After considerable hesitation, I thought it my duty to come again to the support of the army; but, alas, I feel as if I did little good; profanity and wickedness greatly prevails among the soldiers and at times my heart almost sinks within me. But I try after my poor manner to make a stand for God, and I desire to be very thankful. I have never had so much courage in general as this year. Oh, what a mercy of mercies it is to have a heart to speak for God! (Life of John Brainerd, 409; cited in Tomlinson, Indomitable Brainerds, 312)

With the official outbreak of the Revolutionary War in 1775, Brainerd was commissioned as a chaplain in the Continental Army. The role of the chaplain was a vital one, providing spiritual guidance, comfort, and counsel to the soldiers who faced the hardships and horrors of war. While the practical responsibilities of a chaplain varied depending on the needs of the unit, they often conducted religious services, offered prayers before battles, and provided pastoral care for the sick and wounded.

Brainerd's Experiences and Contributions as a Revolutionary War Chaplain

John Brainerd served as a chaplain in various capacities throughout the war. He ministered to soldiers stationed in New Jersey, where he was already known for his missionary work among the Delaware Indians. His presence provided a sense of continuity and familiarity to the soldiers, many of whom hailed from the same region.

Brainerd was known for his impassioned sermons, which often focused on the themes of liberty, justice, and the righteousness of the American cause. He used biblical stories and lessons to inspire the soldiers and instill in them a sense of moral purpose. Brainerd's sermons were not only spiritually uplifting, but they also served a practical purpose in fostering unity and camaraderie among the troops.

In addition to his preaching, Brainerd was a dedicated and compassionate caregiver. He attended to the sick and wounded, offering comfort and spiritual solace in their darkest hours. As a chaplain, Brainerd bore witness to the devastating toll that war took on the bodies and minds of those who fought, and his presence undoubtedly provided a much-needed source of support and hope.

Legacy and Impact

John Brainerd's service as a chaplain in the Revolutionary War is a testament to his unwavering commitment to the cause of liberty and his deep sense of compassion for those who suffered in its pursuit. His contributions to the spiritual and emotional well-being of the soldiers under his care cannot be overstated, and his work undoubtedly played a critical role in maintaining morale and fostering a sense of unity among the troops.

After the war, Brainerd returned to his missionary work among the Native Americans, dedicating the rest of his life to preaching, teaching, and translating Christian texts into native languages. He passed away on March 18, 1781, leaving behind a legacy of tireless service, compassion, and dedication to both his faith and his fellow man.

In remembering John Brainerd, we are reminded of the often-overlooked role that chaplains played in the Revolutionary War and the profound impact they had on the lives of the soldiers who fought for American independence. Brainerd's life and ministry serve as a testament to the power of faith, hope, and love in the face of adversity, and his story stands as an inspiring example of selflessness and devotion to a cause greater than oneself.